Purple line in labour. The initiative entails that local hire provisions under Metro’s Project Labor Agreement (section 7. Purple line in labour

 
The initiative entails that local hire provisions under Metro’s Project Labor Agreement (section 7Purple line in labour 8 million in overall costs under the multibillion-dollar

The possibilities offered to a mother when giving birth are increasingly different. Business, Economics, and Finance. 3% and 89. 4% specificity, 96. Cervical dilation labour cervix crack dialation bum cleft position labouring positively correlatesPurple line dilation methods checking alternative very Where does the purple line start for dilation?Alternative methods. Letterhead by Kuning Jeruk Studio. 49 km (27. Robyn+2 member. Outline hide. After the law is passed, demand falls to D2, and supply rises to S2. The unverified labor bills from four contractor groups hired to work on the two pending transit lines, scheduled for Baltimore and the Washington suburbs, respectively, account for or relate to $232. Board Extends Effective Date of Joint-Employer Rule to February 26, 2024. The Purple Line is a part of the Namma Metro rail system for the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and. Peanut balls may help during the first and second stages of labor. The purple line as a measure of labourprogress: a longitudinal study The purple line as a measure of labourprogress: a longitudinal study. 70. 3% of women during the active phase of labor. 16 Gauge Catheters. Questions? (818) 206-8764. (NHS, 2017a)The Purple Line Meets Federal Priorities:. THE PURPLE LINE OF LABOR. ”. 70 Monthly LinkPass $90. Teach students (or learn yourself!) to analyze DNA using bioinformatics tools. •. WASHINGTON – U. Veterans Day (Observed, November 10, 2023) Thanksgiving Day. ) d. Report a Railroad Crossing Gate Issue. It showed the purple line appeared in 75. Notify your pediatrician if you do; if left untreated, a UTI can cause kidney infections which can. Round trip, 10-ride, and monthly passes are also available. Angle your fingers back towards your anus to most effectively feel your cervix. Terbutaline usually has no side effects in the mother, but it may cause maternal tachycardia which will resolve in 15 – 20 minutes. Also transverse diagonal of the Michaelis sacral cutoff - point of ≥ 98. This lightweight, slim, super-durable iPhone 15 case is $13 off in black. This is how midwives use it. 3% of women during the active phase of labor. 5-7. The purple line is a line of dark red or purple discolouration which can be seen starting from the maternal anal margin and it extends upwards between the buttocks and along the. b. Leveraging its game changing JobStack staffing app and presence in more than 600. 6 billion, and with the new P3 agreement the cost has. 를 원하면 클릭하세요. On the previous graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to show the effect this employer mandate has on the supply of labor. Purple Line. Instead, as we can see from the table above, the purple line may be as long as 5. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL WISHAW WOMEN’S SERVICES DIRECTORATE Page 3 of 4Silver Spring Library is a light rail station that is currently under construction. My midwife pointed out my purple line while I was in labour with my 4th while I was leaning over the back of the bed puffing on gas so then we had 2 midwives and my husband staring at my crack, so glam . 1016/j. 42, n = 56, P < 0. Full-scale construction on the long-delayed Purple Line Light Rail Transit Project in Maryland is set to resume next month, after a new project labor. There was a medium positive correlation between length of the purple line and cervical dilatation (r = +0. 2-mile (26. 46 billion to complete — almost 75 percent. There was a significant correlation between the length of the purple line and cervical dilatation and the station of the fetal head. Articles, news, events, and other content on Railcars presented by PaintSquarea decision about the further management of labour. Summary: ThinPrep with HPV is a screening method that helps detect cervical cancer and HPV infections. Factory overhead is applied to production at a determined rate of 150% of direct-labor cost. 25-2. com and the extra fraud prevention tips about social media utilizing the buttons provided under the laptop icon at the high. MBTA Franklin/Foxboro Line Commuter Rail stations and schedules, including timetables, maps, fares, real-time updates, parking and accessibility information, and connections. Around 38 weeks pregnant, you may lose your mucus. History. VVs can also cause: pressure or pain in your vulva. ⏩ Product availability subject to change. Purple Line Extension Project Section 3 – Tunnels; Purple Line Extension Section 3 Advanced Utility Relocation – $11 million; PLA Hiring Goals. 2014. Government County Web Accessibility information including Alternative Format Requests for Disabled Users are provided on this page. It will now cost an estimated $3. According to the appearance of the purple line in most of the cases and its high sensitivity and specificity, it can use it as a non-invasive complementary method for clinical assessment of labor progress. This Hurts Us Much More Than it Hurts You: The Lived Experiences of Black, Asian and Multi-Racial Student Midwives. It was released on June 25, 1984, by Warner Bros. 5% positive. Family Store wants information about the profitability of individual product lines: Soft. The developers of the Purple Line have signed a labor agreement, resolving one of the last potential problems for the much-delayed light-rail transit line. sample. Results: The purple line appeared in 75. First yes it is going to happen: in 2026 (4 years later than planned). Region 14-St. 5% of vaginal deliveries and 7. Updated 10. But you may also notice odd-smelling urine, unexplained irritability, poor feeding, or vomiting. There has been very little research on the “purple line. Cyanosis is a symptom of various heart and lung conditions, autoimmune disease, and drug overdose. Best for infrequent Commuter Rail riders or pass holders who don't often take subway or bus. Give us a call. This study recruited a group of women (n=144) admitted in either spontaneous labour or for induction of labour from one NHS hospital in Scotland. Have you guys heard about this? Apparently one of the signs you are dilating or that labor is imminent is that a purple/red line will form from your butt up the crack. 8 million in overall costs under the multibillion-dollar. 27-nov-2022 - Explora el tablero "CHILDBIRTH - DILATION" de Sofia Soruco de Rojas, que 167 personas siguen en Pinterest. First patented by Bullard in 1919, one of the earliest versions of a true hard hat came in a single color: black. 91% sensitivity and 42. The U. Saatva:. 3% of 350 women during the active phase of labour. 22-23. A result of “not detected” means that the patient does not have an active infection with these strains of HPV. The Purple Line is scheduled to begin carrying passengers in fall 2026, more than four years later than initial estimates, and cost an additional $1. Appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90. 1 power_baker. Purple line had high incidence but was not suitable for diagnosing cervical dilatation and fetal head station owing to low accuracy. Online & in stores. 4% specificity, 96. ISSN (online): 2052-4307. What Is The Purple Line In Labor. EDT. Then use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the new labor-market equilibrium as a result of the required fringe benefits, ossuming labor supply is unaffected by this law. The U. These can commonly reflect one's occupation within a broad class, or sometimes gender; at least in the late 20th and 21st century, these are generally metaphorical and not a description of typical present apparel. The original public-private partnership (commonly referred to as a P3) agreement in 2016 had a broader cost estimated at $5. 5. Byrne DL & Edmonds DK, the authors of the original study, surmise that the cause of the line is 'vasocongestion at the base of the sacrum' (swelling of tissues caused by increased blood flow). A thin white discharge that comes along with other symptoms can be a sign of bacterial vaginosis, according to the Mayo Clinic. Learn more. The second stage is when your baby is being born and the third stage is when the placenta is delivered. . cta, chicago transit authority, maps, metro map, subway map, bus map, rta, transit, sightseeing, chicagoStages of labour. 2010). The first definition of to prove to be true; confirm; substantiate. Because higher inflation leads to more output, higher inflation is also. Labour outcomes in caseload midwifery and standard care: a register-based cohort study. Suppose the price of a bottle of water is $5. For women either in spontaneous or induced labour, the pooled mean length of the purple line was more than 9. Experience in. . The MTA hasn’t been tracking Red Line and Purple Line costs properly, audit finds. The purple line as a measure of labourprogress: a longitudinal study The purple line as a measure of labourprogress: a longitudinal study. Starting October 2nd, 2023 Twin Transit’s Centralia. Brown, and Jamie Raskin (all D-Md. Holiday schedules. Cervix Dilation Sign #4: Feel your fundus. The traffic shift on Veterans Parkway (MD410) will continue through November. “The purple line appeared in 75. Jan 8, 2022 at 7:18 PM. nasal congestion. S. Midwives need to have a solid understanding of physiology in order to make better use of their observation skills when assessing women in labour. Shop the Express clothing sale for men and women today!As the Blue Line bus rapid transit (BRT) route nears design completion, IndyGo plans to solicit community feedback through a series of in-person public meetings Dec. The Maryland Transit Administration failed to verify the accuracy of millions of dollars in contractor-submitted architectural and engineering costs for the Red and Purple light rail lines, according to a state audit released Monday. 53% specificity and 85. Researchers Dominic Bryne and DK Edmonds looked at 48 women in spontaneous labor. year 2020-21 for each product line: Soft drinks Fresh produce Packaged food Revenues ` 39,67,500 ` 1,05,03,000 ` 60,49,500 Cost of goods sold ` 30,00,000 ` 75. The MTA hasn’t been tracking Red Line and Purple Line costs properly, audit finds. Plan a Trip; Maps; Quick links. Results: The purple line appeared in 75. Summary. There’s always a tinge of a purplish line there, but it labor it turned like Barney purple. May 25, 2022 at 6:42 p. Purple Line (Mexico City Metrobús), Mexico. The theory is based on observed data from midwives and physicians. The Active Phase of Labor. Ok so I read about the butt line a few weeks ago and took a peek. (12) $34. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. When in doubt, making noise in labor is much more helpful than holding your breath, clenching your jaw, or holding tension in your body. Blue Modern Professional Business Letterhead. Project Description. Using the Purple Line to Assess Labour Progress Dr Ashley Shepherd - Associate Professor and Head of Health Sciences - Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling Prof Helen Cheyne - Professor of. 3% of 350 women during the active phase of labour. CTA Purple Line Stops | Wilson (Uptown, Chicago) Stop. Purple line had high incidence but was not suitable for diagnosing cervical dilatation and fetal head station owing to low accuracy. . 4) will be the requirement regardless of the funding source. Initially, the wage (w) is $10 and the rental rate of capital (r) is $20. The unverified labor bills from four contractor groups hired to work on the two pending transit lines, scheduled for Baltimore and the Washington suburbs, respectively, account for or relate to $232. Pushing the baby out gently and slowly can. I've even personally observed it when attending births as a doula! The “purple line” is said to start appearing when your cervix is between zero and two centimeters dilated. I know some doctors check quite often, like every hour or 2. It’s usually caused by a ruptured or bleeding vein. Note: Interzone passes not valid on subway, Express Bus, and ferry. wombi. Use of the purple line to diagnose cervical dilatation and fetal head station during labor - Nunes - 2018 - International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics - Wiley Online LibraryBeing instructed to push against your body’s natural instinct does not improve anything for women experiencing a normal labour, with a healthy baby that is not distressed. long-run. Oracle Time & Labor Line Manager functionality is available as an added menu function and is delivered as: User Function Name - Timecard Mgr (Function - HXC_TIMECARDS_MGR). Suppose the wage is free to balance supply and demand. labour and noted that the purple line was seen on 89% of occasions, was completely absent in five women (10%), and initially absent in three (6%). “In early labour, the line is short, and it gets longer as labour progresses. There was also a medium positive correlation between width of the purple line and the station of the foetal head (r = +0. These are signs that you may be going into premature labour. . Demand Supply Demand 38 Wage (Dollars per hour) New Supply uilbrium Before Law Equilibrium After Law Quantity of Labor (Thousands) Suppose employees place a value on this benefit exactly equal to its cost On the preceding graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to show the effect this employer mandate has on the supply of labor. Columbus/Indigenous Peoples' Day. ” The first documented study on the appearance of a purple line during labor was published in 1990 in the medical journal The Lancet. S. edema (swelling), especially in feet and ankles. 57% sensitivity, 42. Practising Midwife, 24 (2), pp. The Metro Purple (D Line) Extension Transit Project is being built in three sections: Section 1: Wilshire/La Brea Station, Wilshire/Fairfax Station and Wilshire/La Cienega Station; slated to open in 2025. The results of this study add to the growing body of research on progression of labour that the Purple line appeared in most of Iranian women during the active phase of labour and there was a positive correlation between length and width of the purple line and station of the foetal head. mine was pretty accurate! I heard about it last week, the day after a cervical check, and my line was right at the 3-4ish length, and I was 3 cm. See all updates on PURPLE LINE (from Linden), including real-time status info, Chicago 'L' delays, changes of routes, changes of stops locations, and any other service changes. The World Health Organization emphasizes that the number of vaginal examinations should be. According to updates in late 2019 from PLTP, only segments of the track will begin operating in 2022 while construction continues in other parts of the line. The Purple People. The purple dye manufactured and used in Tyre for the robes of Mesopotamian royalty gave Phoenicia the name by which we know it today (from the Greek Phoinikes for Tyrian Purple) and also accounts for the Phoenicians being known as 'purple people' by the Greeks (as the Greek historian Herodotus tells us) because the. EDT. ️The purple line is a red–purple spot that appears around the anus during labor and “travels” along the cleft of the buttocks in parallel with progression o. Schedules Fares Maps. Purple Line (CTA), an elevated train line in Chicago, Illinois, U. The purple line is useful in assisting the health care providers in assessing and determining labour progress and lessen the number of vaginal examinations,. Namma Metro Purple Line Route Map. Have you seen. 001). Citation: Shepherd A & Cheyne H (2021) Using the Purple Line to Assess Labour Progress. 1%. Montgomery County, MD. 2% sensitivity, 45. If production is at one of the blue points on the black curve and the quantity of labor input changes The new point of production would also be on the black line, for example, at the other blue point The new point of production would be on the purple line If production is at one of the blue points. It occurs when there isn't enough oxygen in your blood. purple line butterfly buckle clip free hd. 2 . 3% of people during the active phase of labor and appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90. What is Excess Supply of Labour? Please note that the refers to the supply of labor over and above that which is demanded in the market. 2. Appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90. On the following graph, use the green line (triangle symbol) to show the effect this employer mandate has. 0% negative predictive value in the first stage of labor and had 87. For commuters, the Purple Line light-rail is expectedThe workers who were laid off when construction stopped on the Purple Line deserve to see this promise kept as construction resumes,” they urged. And maidens. At one time, purple was used as a revision color to show all feature changes. The purple line appearance in the expectation of labour. Initially, the equilibrium quantity of labor is 5,000, and the equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, which is $2 higher than the minimum wage of $8 per hour. ago. Cascade Ave. 3% of women during the active phase of labor. Economics. All retrieved studies were observational studies and the occurrence of the purple line during the active stage of labour ranged widely between 48. a watery discharge or bloody vaginal discharge and/or. The Purple Line project has been long plagued with problems, including cost overruns and activist lawsuits. Results: The purple line was seen at some point in labour for 109 women (76%). Low maternal oxygen levels. Uncategorized. TLDR. 2012. Visit our Support Center. By Katherine Shaver. info@purple. As the line is essentially horizontal, it means that forecasts are most unchanged) These charts show data for four countries as of early 2016. A line sitting an inch below the natal cleft is probably in. ‎2011. Although there are variances within certain industries or job sites, here are the. Christmas Eve (Observed, December 22, 2023) Christmas Day. Note: The CharlieCard Store will close at 2 PM on New Year's Eve (Observed) and Christmas Eve (Observed). This could lead to a test result indicating healthy women having abnormal labor progress. Purple Line (Mexico City Metro), Mexico. Your vagina may assume a blue or purple hue when you're expecting. Choose the point on the graph that shows an excess supply of labor at minimum wage. Unskilled people adopt skills for different jobs or professions. See full list on bmcpregnancychildbirth. 3% of women during the active phase of labor. While major construction is anticipated to resume this August for the long-delayed Purple Line Light Rail Transit Project in Maryland, workers were recently seen protesting over a promised p. Community Agreement Launched Nov. (c. They may also be used for blood. People who are willing and able to work offer their skills to firms for wages. The following data were extracted from each of the included studies: name of the first author, year of publication, country, study design, sample size, demographic data, obstetric data, purple line occurrence (%), numerical data of spontaneous versus induced labour, factors associated with the purple line, correlation coefficients with cervical. 22-23. By measuring the length of this. According to a popular post on the Birth Without Fear blog, some women actually develop a dark purple "dilation line" that shows up and extends along your natal cleft, aka your butt crack. Getting Started. . 5 thought 7. 57% validity was accompanied with normal labor progress. Iran Red Crescent Med J . 6-mile section of the $2. 2023-03-19 - Odkryj należącą do użytkownika Patrycja Żywiec tablicę „Poród” na Pintereście. Appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90. 95. I have a long purple line ranging from the hole up to the bumcrack. PaintSquare Daily News is available in three editions: Industrial Only Commercial Only Combined Industrial & Commercial Your free subscription also includes:Keir Starmer has chosen the EU's anthem as the classical music that 'sums up' the Labour Party. The research on “the bottom line” is intriguing. 2 . , in a densely populated area with continued. Suppose the minimum wage is above the equilibrium wage in the market for unskilled labor. There was a medium positive correlation between length of the purple line and cervical. It. mild backache. Interestingly, most vulvar. Results: The purple line was seen at some point in labour for 109 women (76%). Walk one to two blocks east on Jackson and two blocks south on Wabash. Measuring this line, called the purple line or the bottom line, is a non-invasive way for caregivers to assess cervical dilation. Background: Currently, vaginal examination is the gold standard for assessment of labor progress. To report an additional strike or make a correction, please email strike@aflcio. 1% positive predictive value, 51. Researchers Dominic Bryne and DK Edmonds looked at 48 women in spontaneous labor. 4 A Living Wage: Example of a Price Floor The original equilibrium in this labor market is a wage of $10/hour and a quantity of 1,200 workers, shown at point E. Labour costs are also a factor for more firms. C. In the 1800's, child labor was part of economic life and industrial growth. Purple line is one of the non-invasive methods to assess the progress of labour. Question: The GDP gap and the consequences of unemployment On the following graph, the black line shows potential real GDP and the blue line shows actual real GDP for a hypothetical country from 1990 to 2010. Purple Line (Maryland), a transit line currently under construction in Maryland counties bordering Washington, D. Appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had. Feb 25, 2013 - Explore Venus Birth's board "Labor" on Pinterest. Appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90. 2% sensitivity, 45. 2% sensitivity, 45. Results: The purple line was seen at some point in labour for 109 women (76%). There is a reported link between the numbers of VEs a woman has and the risk of pueperal sepsis [16–19]. Purple Line Dilation “Club“ More parents are opting OUT of uncomfortable routine vaginal examinations in labor and prenatally (without a medical indication) and are opting IN to the purple line dilation club as a way of assessing labor progress. Inside Your Accomplishments Are Suspiciously Hard to Verify, Adams tackles the subjects of Elbonian slave labor, faulty product recalls, less-than-anonymous employee surveys, and more. 3% of women during the active phase of labor. Results: The purple line was seen at some point in labour for 109 women (76%). 3 million grant to accelerate gender equality and inclusion in the infrastructure workforce. Nevertheless, Maryland did not scuttle the P3 model, and in late May the PLTP said it. The Purple Line will also connect to MARC, Amtrak, and local bus services. As outlined above, t he Design-Build cost has increased by $1. Various point symbols are used to depict features such as buildings, campgrounds, springs, water tanks, mines, survey control points, and wells. Oh the ways to waste my time. At least, I'm trying to tell the truth. Posted in " Features, Practising Midwives, Skills Spotlight, Student Midwives, TPM Journal " . 5% of the cases with abnormal labour progresses. Adress: 4620 N. 32-0. Basically as the baby descends, a red/purplish (or perhaps brown depending on skin color) line creeps up from the anus to the top of the natal cleft in between the bottom cheeks. 41-0. 888-848-8456 . There was also a medium positive correlation between width of the purple line and the station of the foetal head (r = +0. The red line denotes the most pessimistic analyst forecast. On average $100 million in transit capital investment creates 2,380 jobs; and $100 million. History. I know some doctors check quite often, like every hour or 2. Purple Singing Machine - Kids Mood Bluetooth Karaoke System - Purple . Business, Economics, and Finance. The red line represents the 90th percentile (P90) value of $48. → Build a Thriving Labor Market. 1016/j. 28, 2017 The Opportunity. A line sitting an inch below the natal cleft is probably in. Abstract First paragraph: Vaginal examination (VE) is one of the most commonly performed procedures in maternity care, routinely carried out on admission to the labour ward or birth unit. 5%,. Created: 2022-09-26: Expires: 2023-09-26: Owner: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY Registrar: PARAGON INTERNET GROUP LTD T/A PARAGON NAMES:Purple Line Extension. The full letter can be read here and below. 5 millimeter was accompanied with normal labor progress with 86. That agenda includes imposing a 10 percent tariff on all foreign-made goods, enacting large deficit-financed tax cuts, and slashing America’s foreign-born labor force. 02. 3% specificity, 88. The purple line was seen at some point in labour for 109 women (76%). I expect you've done things you're ashamed of too. Gohde, We are writing to urge you to complete a project labor agreement (PLA) for Maryland Purple Line construction workers. Effects of purple pushing are: Increased risk for tearing. Hoyer, John Sarbanes, Anthony G. Active Transportation Strategic Plan. 8 million in overall costs under the multibillion-dollar. On average, homeowners across the US report spending $2. They found that a red line was present in 89 percent of the women, 10 percent of the women did not have a line at all, and the. Shop with an Expert. Turns out there's a rather unconventional physical sign that can offer women an alternative way to check dilation -- without the dreaded vaginal exam. Keywords: 彩合网, kate middleton labor, purple line dilation, purple line labor, kate middleton epidural, kate middleton hypnobirthing Oct 1, 2022. Mar 19, 2021 - Explore Kelly Urbizu's board "Labor & Delivery", followed by 129 people on Pinterest. Because of the limited data on its use during labor, finding a midwife or doctor that uses this technique may be difficult. Consider the black production function above. Some studies have indicated that cervical dilation’s overall accuracy ranges from 48% to 56% and that the more dilated you are, the less accurate a vaginal examination becomes. 0001). 4 billion from $2 billion to $3. “In early labour, the line is short, and it gets longer as labour progresses. Currently, in the USA, 5. Use Code: BLACKFRIDAY. The presence of a purple line during labour, seen to rise from the anal margin and extend between the buttocks as labour progresses has been reported. Senators Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen and Congressmen Steny H. Spend $75. asking my Ob to check my cervix tomorrow at my appointment and will test this theory outThe Purple Line construction project officially broke ground in August 2017, with a scheduled completion date of 2022. For women either in spontaneous or induced labour, the pooled mean length of the purple line was more than 9. simbada February 7, 2023 science 0 Comments. Gov. Normally – you do have a bit of a line there. It averages 4 to 8 hours but can be as short as several minutes. The Official G-SHOCK Site. A rich product lineup that includes topical new products, collaborative models, and popular standard models. 4% specificity, 96. Use of the purple line to diagnose cervical dilatation and fetal head station during labor - Nunes - 2018 - International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics - Wiley Online Library The purple line was seen at some point in labour for 109 women (76%). It happens when nearby blood. They are gray in color and are used when fluids need to be sent into the body quickly and in relatively high quantities. 96. East SFV LRT. Is it possible for my husband to help check if I’m dilating at home? Has anyone tried this I’ve been having on and off contractions and bad cramping and I’m curious if I’m dilating I also lost my mucus plug and I tried to get the doctor to check me but she told me she wasn’t sure if she wanted to because. 29, p = . The use of red as a symbol is referenced in the British Labour. A line sitting an inch below the natal cleft probably indicates transition. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the equibrium wage and level of employment before this low, and use the grey point (star symbol) to Indicate the. The cervix needs to dilate from one to 10 centimeters (3. 3% specificity, 88. Shop Anker PowerLine III Flow USB-C to Lightning Cable 6-ft Purple at Best Buy. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The original Purple Line construction team, led by Texas-based Fluor, had such an agreement before it quit in fall 2020 over delay-related cost disputes with the state. a. A recent systematic review in 2022, reported data from only two studies as well that the use of the purple line to monitor labour progress had an accuracy of 81–85%, a sensitivity of 69–88% and a specificity of 43–40% [9], [25], [26].